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Unix Interview Questions

Find More Question in Category: Unix Interview Questions

1. How are devices represented in UNIX?

All devices are represented by files called special files that are located in/dev directory. Thus, device files and other files are named and accessed in the same way. A 'regular file' is just an ordinary data file in the disk. A 'block special file' represents a device with characteristics similar to a disk (data transfer in terms of blocks). A 'character special file' represents a device with characteristics similar to a keyboard (data transfer is by stream of bits in sequential order).

2. What is 'inode'?

All UNIX files have its description stored in a structure called 'inode'. The inode contains info about the file-size, its location, time of last access, time of last modification, permission and so on. Directories are also represented as files and have an associated inode. In addition to descriptions about the file, the inode contains pointers to the data blocks of the file. If the file is large, inode has indirect pointer to a block of pointers to additional data blocks (this further aggregates for larger files). A block is typically 8k.
Inode consists of the following fields:
File owner identifier
File type
File access permissions
File access times
Number of links
File size
Location of the file data

3. Brief about the directory representation in UNIX

A Unix directory is a file containing a correspondence between filenames and inodes. A directory is a special file that the kernel maintains. Only kernel modifies directories, but processes can read directories. The contents of a directory are a list of filename and inode number pairs. When new directories are created, kernel makes two entries named '.' (refers to the directory itself) and '..' (refers to parent directory).
System call for creating directory is mkdir (pathname, mode).

4. What are the Unix system calls for I/O?

open(pathname,flag,mode) - open file
creat(pathname,mode) - create file
close(filedes) - close an open file
read(filedes,buffer,bytes) - read data from an open file
write(filedes,buffer,bytes) - write data to an open file
lseek(filedes,offset,from) - position an open file
dup(filedes) - duplicate an existing file descriptor
dup2(oldfd,newfd) - duplicate to a desired file descriptor
fcntl(filedes,cmd,arg) - change properties of an open file
ioctl(filedes,request,arg) - change the behaviour of an open file
The difference between fcntl anf ioctl is that the former is intended for any open file, while the latter is for device-specific operations.

5. How do you change File Access Permissions?

Every file has following attributes:
owner's user ID ( 16 bit integer )
owner's group ID ( 16 bit integer )
File access mode word
'r w x -r w x- r w x'
(user permission-group permission-others permission)
r-read, w-write, x-execute
To change the access mode, we use chmod(filename,mode).
Example 1:
To change mode of myfile to 'rw-rw-r–' (ie. read, write permission for user - read,write permission for group - only read permission for others) we give the args as:
chmod(myfile,0664) .
Each operation is represented by discrete values
'r' is 4
'w' is 2
'x' is 1
Therefore, for 'rw' the value is 6(4+2).
Example 2:
To change mode of myfile to 'rwxr–r–' we give the args as:
chmod(myfile,0744).

6. What are links and symbolic links in UNIX file system?

A link is a second name (not a file) for a file. Links can be used to assign more than one name to a file, but cannot be used to assign a directory more than one name or link filenames on different computers.
Symbolic link 'is' a file that only contains the name of another file.Operation on the symbolic link is directed to the file pointed by the it.Both the limitations of links are eliminated in symbolic links.
Commands for linking files are:
Link ln filename1 filename2
Symbolic link ln -s filename1 filename2

7. What is a FIFO?

FIFO are otherwise called as 'named pipes'. FIFO (first-in-first-out) is a special file which is said to be data transient. Once data is read from named pipe, it cannot be read again. Also, data can be read only in the order written. It is used in interprocess communication where a process writes to one end of the pipe (producer) and the other reads from the other end (consumer).

8. How do you create special files like named pipes and device files?

The system call mknod creates special files in the following sequence.
1. kernel assigns new inode,
2. sets the file type to indicate that the file is a pipe, directory or special file,
3. If it is a device file, it makes the other entries like major, minor device numbers.
For example:
If the device is a disk, major device number refers to the disk controller and minor device number is the disk.

9. Discuss the mount and unmount system calls

The privileged mount system call is used to attach a file system to a directory of another file system; the unmount system call detaches a file system. When you mount another file system on to your directory, you are essentially splicing one directory tree onto a branch in another directory tree. The first argument to mount call is the mount point, that is , a directory in the current file naming system. The second argument is the file system to mount to that point. When you insert a cdrom to your unix system's drive, the file system in the cdrom automatically mounts to /dev/cdrom in your system.

10. How does the inode map to data block of a file?

Inode has 13 block addresses. The first 10 are direct block addresses of the first 10 data blocks in the file. The 11th address points to a one-level index block. The 12th address points to a two-level (double in-direction) index block. The 13th address points to a three-level(triple in-direction)index block. This provides a very large maximum file size with efficient access to large files, but also small files are accessed directly in one disk read.

11. What is a shell?

A shell is an interactive user interface to an operating system services that allows an user to enter commands as character strings or through a graphical user interface. The shell converts them to system calls to the OS or forks off a process to execute the command. System call results and other information from the OS are presented to the user through an interactive interface. Commonly used shells are sh,csh,ks etc.

12. Brief about the initial process sequence while the system boots up.

While booting, special process called the 'swapper' or 'scheduler' is created with Process-ID 0. The swapper manages memory allocation for processes and influences CPU allocation. The swapper inturn creates 3 children:
the process dispatcher,
vhand and
dbflush
with IDs 1,2 and 3 respectively.
This is done by executing the file /etc/init. Process dispatcher gives birth to the shell. Unix keeps track of all the processes in an internal data structure called the Process Table (listing command is ps -el).

13. What are various IDs associated with a process?

Unix identifies each process with a unique integer called ProcessID. The process that executes the request for creation of a process is called the 'parent process' whose PID is 'Parent Process ID'. Every process is associated with a particular user called the 'owner' who has privileges over the process. The identification for the user is 'UserID'. Owner is the user who executes the process. Process also has 'Effective User ID' which determines the access privileges for accessing resources like files.
getpid() -process id
getppid() -parent process id
getuid() -user id
geteuid() -effective user id

14. Explain fork() system call.

The `fork()' used to create a new process from an existing process. The new process is called the child process, and the existing process is called the parent. We can tell which is which by checking the return value from `fork()'. The parent gets the child's pid returned to him, but the child gets 0 returned to him.

15. Predict the output of the following program code
main()
{
fork();
printf("Hello World!");
}
Answer:
Hello World!Hello World!
Explanation:
The fork creates a child that is a duplicate of the parent process. The child begins from the fork().All the statements after the call to fork() will be executed twice.(once by the parent process and other by child). The statement before fork() is executed only by the parent process.

16. Predict the output of the following program code

main()
{
fork(); fork(); fork();
printf("Hello World!");
}
Answer:
"Hello World" will be printed 8 times.
Explanation:
2^n times where n is the number of calls to fork()

7. List the system calls used for process management:
System calls Description
fork() To create a new process
exec() To execute a new program in a process
wait() To wait until a created process completes its execution
exit() To exit from a process execution
getpid() To get a process identifier of the current process
getppid() To get parent process identifier
nice() To bias the existing priority of a process
brk() To increase/decrease the data segment size of a process

18. How can you get/set an environment variable from a program?:
Getting the value of an environment variable is done by using `getenv()'. Setting the value of an environment variable is done by using `putenv()'.

19. How can a parent and child process communicate?
A parent and child can communicate through any of the normal inter-process communication schemes (pipes, sockets, message queues, shared memory), but also have some special ways to communicate that take advantage of their relationship as a parent and child. One of the most obvious is that the parent can get the exit status of the child.

20. What is a zombie?
When a program forks and the child finishes before the parent, the kernel still keeps some of its information about the child in case the parent might need it - for example, the parent may need to check the child's exit status. To be able to get this information, the parent calls `wait()'; In the interval between the child terminating and the parent calling `wait()', the child is said to be a `zombie' (If you do `ps', the child will have a `Z' in its status field to indicate this.)

20. What are the process states in Unix?

As a process executes it changes state according to its circumstances. Unix processes have the following states:
Running : The process is either running or it is ready to run .
Waiting : The process is waiting for an event or for a resource.
Stopped : The process has been stopped, usually by receiving a signal.
Zombie : The process is dead but have not been removed from the process table.

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Networking Interview Questions and Answers

Find More Question in Category: Networking Interview Questions

1. What is an Object server?

With an object server, the Client/Server application is written as a set of communicating objects. Client object communicate with server objects using an Object Request Broker (ORB). The client invokes a method on a remote object. The ORB locates an instance of that object server class, invokes the requested method and returns the results to the client object. Server objects must provide support for concurrency and sharing. The ORB brings it all together.

2. What is a Transaction server?

With a transaction server, the client invokes remote procedures that reside on the server with an SQL database engine. These remote procedures on the server execute a group of SQL statements. The network exchange consists of a single request/reply message. The SQL statements either all succeed or fail as a unit.

3. What is a Database Server?

With a database server, the client passes SQL requests as messages to the database server. The results of each SQL command are returned over the network. The server uses its own processing power to find the request data instead of passing all the records back to the client and then getting it find its own data. The result is a much more efficient use of distributed processing power. It is also known as SQL engine.

4. What are the most typical functional units of the Client/Server applications?

User interface
Business Logic and
Shared data.

5. What are all the Extended services provided by the OS?

Ubiquitous communications
Network OS extension
Binary large objects (BLOBs)
Global directories and Network yellow pages
Authentication and Authorization services
System management
Network time
Database and transaction services
Internet services
Object- oriented services

6. What are Triggers and Rules?

Triggers are special user defined actions usually in the form of stored procedures, that are automatically invoked by the server based on data related events. It can perform complex actions and can use the full power of procedural languages.
A rule is a special type of trigger that is used to perform simple checks on data.

7. What is meant by Transparency?

Transparency really means hiding the network and its servers from the users and even the application programmers.

8. What are TP-Lite and TP-Heavy Monitors?

TP-Lite is simply the integration of TP Monitor functions in the database engines. TP-Heavy are TP Monitors which supports the Client/Server architecture and allow PC to initiate some very complex multiserver transaction from the desktop.

9. What are the two types of OLTP?

TP lite, based on stored procedures. TP heavy, based on the TP monitors.

10. What is a Web server?

This new model of Client/Server consists of thin, protable, "universal" clients that talk to superfat servers. In the simplet form, a web server returns documents when clients ask for them by name. The clients and server communicate using an RPC-like protocol called HTTP.

11. What are Super servers?

These are fully-loaded machines which includes multiprocessors, high-speed disk arrays for intervive I/O and fault tolerant features.

12. What is a TP Monitor?

There is no commonly accepted definition for a TP monitor. According to Jeri Edwards' a TP Monitor is "an OS for transaction processing".

13. TP Monitor does mainly two things extremely well. They are Process management and Transaction management.?

They were originally introduced to run classes of applications that could service hundreds and sometimes thousands of clients. TP Monitors provide an OS - on top of existing OS - that connects in real time these thousands of humans with a pool of shared server processes.

14. What is meant by Asymmetrical protocols?

There is a many-to-one relationship between clients and server. Clients always initiate the dialog by requesting a service. Servers are passively awaiting for requests from clients.

15. What are the types of Transparencies?

The types of transparencies the NOS middleware is expected to provide are:-
Location transparency
Namespace transparency
Logon transparency
Replication transparency
Local/Remote access transparency
Distributed time transparency
Failure transparency and
Administration transparency.

16. What is the difference between trigger and rule?

The triggers are called implicitly by database generated events, while stored procedures are called explicitly by client applications.

17. What are called Transactions?

The grouped SQL statements are called Transactions (or) A transaction is a collection of actions embused with ACID properties.

18. What are the building blocks of Client/Server?

The client
The server and
Middleware.

19. Explain the building blocks of Client/Server?

The client side building block runs the client side of the application.
The server side building block runs the server side of the application.

20. The middleware buliding block runs on both the client and server sides of an application. It is broken into three categories:-

Transport stack
Network OS
Service-specific middleware.

21. What are all the Base services provided by the OS?

Task preemption
Task priority
Semaphores
Interprocess communications (IPC)
Local/Remote Interprocess communication
Threads
Intertask protection
Multiuser
High performance file system
Efficient memory management and
Dynamically linked Run-time extensions.

22. What are the roles of SQL?

SQL is an interactive query language for ad hoc database queries.
SQL is a database programming language.
SQL is a data definition and data administration language.
SQL is the language of networked database servers
SQL helps protect the data in a multi-user networked environment.
Because of these multifacted roles it plays, physicists might call SQL as "The grand unified theory of database".

23. What is Structured Query Langauge (SQL)?

SQL is a powerful set-oriented language which was developed by IBM research for the databases that adhere to the relational model. It consists of a short list of powerful, yet highly flexible, commands that can be used to manipulate information collected in tables. Through SQL, we can manipulate and control sets of records at a time.

24. What are the characteristics of Client/Server?

Service
Shared resources
Asymmentrical protocols
Transparency of location
Mix-and-match
Message based exchanges
Encapsulation of services
Scalability
Integrity
Client/Server computing is the ultimate "Open platform". It gives the freedom to mix-and-match components of almost any level. Clients and servers are loosely coupled systems that interact through a message-passing mechanism.

25. What is Remote Procedure Call (RPC)?

RPC hides the intricacies of the network by using the ordinary procedure call mechanism familiar to every programmer. A client process calls a function on a remote server and suspends itself until it gets back the results. Parameters are passed like in any ordinary procedure. The RPC, like an ordinary procedure, is synchoronous. The process that issues the call waits until it gets the results.
Under the covers, the RPC run-time software collects values for the parameters, forms a message, and sends it to the remote server. The server receives the request, unpack the parameters, calls the procedures, and sends the reply back to the client. It is a telephone-like metaphor.

26.What are the main components of Transaction-based Systems?

Resource Manager
Transaction Manager and
Application Program.

27. What are the three types of SQL database server architecture?

Process-per-client Architecture. (Example: Oracle 6, Informix )
Multithreaded Architecture. (Example: Sybase, SQL server)
Hybrid Architecture (Example: Oracle 7)

28. What are the Classification of clients?

Non-GUI clients - Two types are:-
Non-GUI clients that do not need multi-tasking
(Example: Automatic Teller Machines (ATM), Cell phone)
Non-GUI clients that need multi-tasking
(Example: ROBOTs)

GUI clients
OOUI clients

29. What are called Non-GUI clients, GUI Clients and OOUI Clients?

Non-GUI Client: These are applications, generate server requests with a minimal amount of human interaction.
GUI Clients: These are applicatoins, where occassional requests to the server result from a human interacting with a GUI
(Example: Windows 3.x, NT 3.5)
OOUI clients : These are applications, which are highly-iconic, object-oriented user interface that provides seamless access to information in very visual formats.
(Example: MAC OS, Windows 95, NT 4.0)

30. What is Message Oriented Middleware (MOM)?

MOM allows general purpose messages to be exchanged in a Client/Server system using message queues. Applications communicate over networks by simply putting messages in the queues and getting messages from queues. It typically provides a very simple high level APIs to its services.
MOM's messaging and queuing allow clients and servers to communicate across a network without being linked by a private, dedicated, logical connection. The clients and server can run at different times. It is a post-office like metaphor.

31. What is meant by Middleware?

Middleware is a distributed software needed to support interaction between clients and servers. In short, it is the software that is in the middle of the Client/Server systems and it acts as a bridge between the clients and servers. It starts with the API set on the client side that is used to invoke a service and it covers the transmission of the request over the network and the resulting response.
It neither includes the software that provides the actual service - that is in the servers domain nor the user interface or the application login - that's in clients domain.

32. What are the functions of the typical server program?

It waits for client-initiated requests. Executes many requests at the same time. Takes care of VIP clients first. Initiates and runs background task activity. Keeps running. Grown bigger and faster.

33. What is meant by Symmentric Multiprocessing (SMP)?

It treats all processors as equal. Any processor can do the work of any other processor. Applications are divided into threads that can run concurrently on any available processor. Any processor in the pool can run the OS kernel and execute user-written threads.

34. What are Service-specific middleware?

It is needed to accomplish a particular Client/Server type of services which includes:-
Database specific middleware
OLTP specific middleware
Groupware specific middleware
Object specific middleware
Internet specific middleware and
System management specific middleware.

35. What are General Middleware?

It includes the communication stacks, distributed directories, authentication services, network time, RPC, Queuing services along with the network OS extensions such as the distributed file and print services.

36. What is meant by Asymmetric Multiprocessing (AMP)?

It imposses hierarchy and a division of labour among processors. Only one designated processor, the master, controls (in a tightly coupled arrangement) slave processors dedicated to specific functions.

37. What is OLTP?

In the transaction server, the client component usually includes GUI and the server components usually consists of SQL transactions against a database. These applications are called OLTP (Online Transaction Processing) OLTP Applications typically,
Receive a fixed set of inputs from remote clients. Perform multiple pre-compiled SQL comments against a local database. Commit the work and Return a fixed set of results.

38. What is meant by 3-Tier architecture?

In 3-tier Client/Server systems, the application logic (or process) lives in the middle tier and it is separated from the data and the user interface. In theory, the 3-tier Client/Server systems are more scalable, robust and flexible.
Example: TP monitor, Web.

39. What is meant by 2-Tier architecture?

In 2-tier Client/Server systems, the application logic is either burried inside the user interface on the client or within the database on the server.
Example: File servers and Database servers with stored procedures.

40. What is Load balancing?

If the number of incoming clients requests exceeds the number of processes in a server class, the TP Monitor may dynamically start new ones and this is called Load balancing.

41. What are called Fat clients and Fat servers?

If the bulk of the application runs on the Client side, then it is Fat clients. It is used for decision support and personal software.
If the bulk of the application runs on the Server side, then it is Fat servers. It tries to minimize network interchanges by creating more abstract levels of services.

42. What is meant by Horizontal scaling and Vertical scaling?

Horizontal scaling means adding or removing client workstations with only a slight performance impact. Vertical scaling means migrating to a larger and faster server machine or multiservers.

43. What is Groupware server?

Groupware addresses the management of semi-structured information such as text, image, mail, bulletin boards and the flow of work. These Client/Server systems have people in direct contact with other people.

44. What are the two broad classes of middleware?

General middleware
Service-specific middleware.

45. What are the types of Servers?

File servers
Database servers Transaction servers Groupware servers Object servers Web servers.

46. What is a File server?

File servers are useful for sharing files across a network. With a file server, the client passes requests for file records over nerwork to file server.

47. What are the five major technologies that can be used to create Client/Server applications?

Database Servers
TP Monitors
Groupware
Distributed Objects
Intranets.

48. What is Client/Server?

Clients and Servers are separate logical entities that work together over a network to accomplish a task. Many systems with very different architectures that are connected together are also called Client/Server.

49. List out the benefits obtained by using the Client/Server oriented TP Monitors?

Client/Server applications development framework.
Firewalls of protection.
High availability.
Load balancing.
MOM integration.
Scalability of functions.
Reduced system cost.

50. What are the services provided by the Operating System?

Extended services - These are add-on modular software components that are layered on top of base service.

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Networking Interview Questions and Answers

Find More Question in Category: Networking Interview Questions

1. What is an Object server?

2. What is a Transaction server?

3. What is a Database Server?

4. What are the most typical functional units of the Client/Server applications?

User interface
Business Logic and
Shared data.

5. What are all the Extended services provided by the OS?

6. What are Triggers and Rules?

7. What is meant by Transparency?

Transparency really means hiding the network and its servers from the users and even the application programmers.

8. What are TP-Lite and TP-Heavy Monitors?

9. What are the two types of OLTP?

TP lite, based on stored procedures. TP heavy, based on the TP monitors.

10. What is a Web server?

11. What are Super servers?

These are fully-loaded machines which includes multiprocessors, high-speed disk arrays for intervive I/O and fault tolerant features.

12. What is a TP Monitor?

There is no commonly accepted definition for a TP monitor. According to Jeri Edwards' a TP Monitor is "an OS for transaction processing".

13. TP Monitor does mainly two things extremely well. They are Process management and Transaction management.?

14. What is meant by Asymmetrical protocols?

There is a many-to-one relationship between clients and server. Clients always initiate the dialog by requesting a service. Servers are passively awaiting for requests from clients.

15. What are the types of Transparencies?

16. What is the difference between trigger and rule?

The triggers are called implicitly by database generated events, while stored procedures are called explicitly by client applications.

17. What are called Transactions?

The grouped SQL statements are called Transactions (or) A transaction is a collection of actions embused with ACID properties.

18. What are the building blocks of Client/Server?

The client
The server and
Middleware.

19. Explain the building blocks of Client/Server?

The client side building block runs the client side of the application.
The server side building block runs the server side of the application.

20. The middleware buliding block runs on both the client and server sides of an application. It is broken into three categories:-

Transport stack
Network OS
Service-specific middleware.

21. What are all the Base services provided by the OS?

22. What are the roles of SQL?

23. What is Structured Query Langauge (SQL)?

24. What are the characteristics of Client/Server?

25. What is Remote Procedure Call (RPC)?

26.What are the main components of Transaction-based Systems?

Resource Manager
Transaction Manager and
Application Program.

27. What are the three types of SQL database server architecture?

Process-per-client Architecture. (Example: Oracle 6, Informix )
Multithreaded Architecture. (Example: Sybase, SQL server)
Hybrid Architecture (Example: Oracle 7)

28. What are the Classification of clients?

Non-GUI clients - Two types are:-
Non-GUI clients that do not need multi-tasking
(Example: Automatic Teller Machines (ATM), Cell phone)
Non-GUI clients that need multi-tasking
(Example: ROBOTs)

GUI clients
OOUI clients

29. What are called Non-GUI clients, GUI Clients and OOUI Clients?

30. What is Message Oriented Middleware (MOM)?

31. What is meant by Middleware?

32. What are the functions of the typical server program?

It waits for client-initiated requests. Executes many requests at the same time. Takes care of VIP clients first. Initiates and runs background task activity. Keeps running. Grown bigger and faster.

33. What is meant by Symmentric Multiprocessing (SMP)?

34. What are Service-specific middleware?

35. What are General Middleware?

36. What is meant by Asymmetric Multiprocessing (AMP)?

37. What is OLTP?

38. What is meant by 3-Tier architecture?

39. What is meant by 2-Tier architecture?

40. What is Load balancing?

If the number of incoming clients requests exceeds the number of processes in a server class, the TP Monitor may dynamically start new ones and this is called Load balancing.

41. What are called Fat clients and Fat servers?

42. What is meant by Horizontal scaling and Vertical scaling?

Horizontal scaling means adding or removing client workstations with only a slight performance impact. Vertical scaling means migrating to a larger and faster server machine or multiservers.

43. What is Groupware server?

44. What are the two broad classes of middleware?

General middleware
Service-specific middleware.

45. What are the types of Servers?

File servers
Database servers Transaction servers Groupware servers Object servers Web servers.

46. What is a File server?

File servers are useful for sharing files across a network. With a file server, the client passes requests for file records over nerwork to file server.

47. What are the five major technologies that can be used to create Client/Server applications?

Database Servers
TP Monitors
Groupware
Distributed Objects
Intranets.

48. What is Client/Server?

49. List out the benefits obtained by using the Client/Server oriented TP Monitors?

Client/Server applications development framework.
Firewalls of protection.
High availability.
Load balancing.
MOM integration.
Scalability of functions.
Reduced system cost.

50. What are the services provided by the Operating System?

Extended services - These are add-on modular software components that are layered on top of base service.

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PeopleSoft Interview Questions and Answers

Find More Question in Category: General Interview Question, PeopleSoft

1. The main attributes of a Component Interface (CI) are?

Keys, Properties & Collections, Methods and Name

2. Which one of the following are standard properties when a Component Interface (CI) is created?

GetHistoryItems

3. With reference to the Component Interface Tester which of the following is NOT TRUE?

GetExisting option is equivalent to opening a record in Update/Display Mode only

4. Which of the following are TRUE when a Component Interface (CI) is created on component that has Add action enabled?

Get keys, Create keys and Find keys gets created automaticallyThe Create method is created alongwith the other Standard methods for the CI

5. Which of the following can be mapped as Find Keys for a Component Interface ?

A OR b

6. Which of the following is NOT TRUE in Component Interface (CI) Architecture?

A component interface can be mapped to multiple PeopleSoft components

7. The following are various steps that describes the peoplecode logic while implementing a Component Interface?

1.Establish a user session
2.Get the Component Interface
3.pulate the Create Keys
4.eate an Instance of the CI
5.pulate the required fields
6. Save the CI

8. Will Tuxedo continue to be used in a PeopleSoft/WebSphere or PeopleSoft/WebLogic environment?

Yes. WebSphere or WebLogic are used as the HTTP server and servlet engine. They are not used as middleware with the PeopleSoft Application Server. Tuxedo is always used with PIA, regardless of the HTTP server or Java servlet engine.

9. Can a PeopleTools 8.4 and a PeopleTools 8.1x database run on the same machine?

Yes, databases can co-exist on the same physical machine. In most cases, thedatabases themselves can exist within the same RDBMS, however, it isimportant to verify that the database version required by PeopleTools 8.4 is thesame as for the current PeopleTools 8.1x implementation.

10. Can a PeopleTools 8.4 and a PeopleTools 8.1xapplication server run on the same machine?

Yes, both PeopleTools 8.4 and PeopleTools 8.1x application servers can run ona single machine. It is important to ensure that there are no port clashes between the installations.

11. How does the PeopleSoft Enterprise Portal workwith 8.1x and 8.4 applications?

There are several scenarios that may exist when customers use the PeopleSoftEnterprise Portal with a mixture of 8.1x and 8.4 applications. Specificinformation on the use of the PeopleSoft Enterprise Portal in a blendedenvironment will be available in a forthcoming white paper, which will beavailable on Customer Connection.In general, the recommendation is to use the PeopleSoft Enterprise Portal 8.4with 8.1x and 8.4 applications, rather than an older version.

12. For the servlet layer on the web server, what version of the Java Servlet API are the PIA Java Servlets coded to with PeopleTools 8.4?

The PIA Java servlets in PeopleTools 8.4 are coded to JavaSoft's Java Servlet API 2.0 and are fully compatible with Servlet API 2.2. It should be noted that the PeopleSoft Internet Architecture is supported only on the BEA WebLogic and WebSphere servlet engines.

13. IBM How should Web Application Servers be usedwith PeopleTools 8.1x and PeopleTools 8.4?

The PeopleSoft Internet Architecture uses a web application server and anHTTP server. PeopleTools 8.12 and above include both BEA WebLogic andApache with Jserv. With PeopleTools 8.4, both BEA WebLogic and IBMWebSphere are bundled. Apache with Jserv is no longer a supported webapplication server combination. Customers can choose which web applicationserver to run during installation time.In a mixed PeopleTools 8.1x and 8.4 environment, each PeopleTools installationshould have their own chain of web application server and application server,PeopleSoft Proprietary and Confidential Page 5and these can be on the same machine. For example, a PeopleTools 8.1xinstallation using Apache and Jserv could reside on the same machine as aPeopleTools 8.4 installation using IBM WebSphere. Care should be taken toensure that unique port numbers are assigned to each server chain.

14. Why did PeopleSoft bundle IBM WebSphere Advanced Single Server Edition rather than Advanced Edition?

The Advanced Single Server Edition (AEs) of WebSphere provides the same core J2EE and Web Services programming model as the Advanced Edition (AE) with simplified administration. In the AE version WebSphere uses DB2 or other standard database to keep the configuration and runtime information to support very large farm of WebSphere servers. However, it is one more database to install, administer and maintain. The AEs version does not use the database and uses file based configuration in a way that is similar to BEA WebLogic. PeopleSoft and IBM WebSphere architects determined that AEs version would satisfy the deployment requirements of PeopleSoft customers and would make it easy for owning and administering PeopleSoft Applications based on WebSphere.

15. Will the PeopleSoft Internet Architecture, now that it embeds BEA WebLogic and IBM WebSphere, work with my other corporate web servers and tools?

One of the core values of the PeopleTools development group is investment protection. The time, money and resources that you may have already invested in licensing another web server, training developers and administrators, building and deploying other web applications will not be compromised by this decision. How is this accomplished

16. Is BEA WebLogic the same thing as the web server that was previously on the Tuxedo CD?

No. The web server that was delivered on the Tuxedo CD has absolutely nothing to do with WebLogic. WebLogic is a web application server that is designed for large-scale production websites. The HTTP server on the Tuxedo CD was only there to provide a mechanism for launching the graphical Tuxedo administration console if the Tuxedo administrator didn't already have a web server in place. It was never intended for large-scale, production website use — only for a system adminis trator or two.

17. Are disconnected mobile applications supportedin PeopleTools 8.1x?

No. The PeopleSoft Mobile Agent architecture, which is used to supportdisconnected mobile applications, is only available in PeopleTools 8.4. ThePeopleSoft Mobile Agent is dependent upon certain core technologies that werespecifically developed for PeopleTools 8.4.

18. Is WebSphere certified on PeopleTools 8.1x?

No. IBM WebSphere is certified on PeopleTools 8.4 only. Customer wishing to use IBM WebSphere with PeopleTools 8.1x may take advantage of an IBM WebSphere for early adopters program, created and managed by IBM. Further information about this program can be found in the whitepaper The IBM WebSphere 8.1x Early Adopter Program. Are there additional license requirements for IBM WebSphere

19. Are there advantages or disadvantages to using BEA WebLogic over IBM WebSphere or vice versa?

No. Both products are certified with PIA as of version 8.4 and work equally well. By offering both BEA WebLogic and IBM WebSphere, we give our customers more choices and flexibility to run PeopleSoft in their preferred environment.

20. Is web server load balancing supported with PeopleTools 8.4?

Customers can set up clusters of BEA WebLogic or IBM WebSphere servers to do web server load balancing. In such scenarios, if an instance is down, requests are automatically routed to another instance. For more information on high availability and clustering with WebLogic, WebSphere and other web servers.

21. Both BEA WebLogic and IBM WebSphere have the ability to plug into many different web servers. Does PeopleSoft support the web servers that they plug into?

BEA and IBM provide plug-ins for many of the leading web servers. This allows the customer to use their own HTTP web server and WebLogic’s or WebSphere’s Java servlet engine. PeopleSoft uses this plug-in capability to support IIS. We have no reason to believe that there will be any issues with other web servers that WebLogic or WebSphere are able to work with through their plug-in architecture, but PeopleSoft GSC will not support these other web servers with PeopleTools 8.4

22. Does Application Messaging work between 8.1xand 8.4 applications?

Application Messaging is used by PeopleSoft applications to communicate withone another. This is true not just for 8.1x and 8.4 applications, but also betweenan 8.1x and an 8.4 application. For example, the HRMS 8.3 applications, whichare based on PeopleTools 8.15, can communicate with Financials 8.4applications, which are based on PeopleTools 8.4, using Application Messaging.If specific issues materialize relating to the Application Messages published bycertain applications, these new messages will be made available to customers.

23. Why is PeopleSoft no longer supporting Apache Jserv?

Apache JServ was a servlet engine that was supported in PeopleTools 8.1x. This support has been removed from PeopleTools 8.4 for several reasons: v JServ is no longer an active product and is in maintenance mode and there are no longer any new official releases. v Our customers have exhibited a desire to use commercial products for mission-critical enterprise web application servers rather than open source solutions. Therefore, moving to support Tomcat is not seen as a reasonable solution. v Apache can still be used as an HTTP server with BEA WebLogic .

24. What HTTP servers and Java servlet engine combinations are supported with PeopleTools 8.4?

All popular http servers (reverse proxies) are supported. Please refer to the platforms database on Customer Connection for specific information on current certified platforms. You may find this at http://www.peoplesoft.com/corp/en/iou/platforms/index.asp

25. WorkItem is available in?

WorkList Record

26. Where are workflow work items found ?

Worklist

27. In which platform does Crystal and Psnvision works?

Windows (Correct)

28. You want to update your password and enter a hint for forgotten password. What would you access?

User Profile 29. Question based on changing prompt table, what happens when changing from NO EDIT TO EDIT option?

user can type only prompt table values and the default values gets populated from the database.

30. Customization done in Dev DB, Which tool i will use to move it to Prod DB?

Use App Designer -> Copy DB

31. Your Onsite DBA has called you up and told you that one of the tables PS_ABC_TAO has grown very big in size. Based on the standard naming convention, you have determined that the record is a temporary record since it ends with _TAOYou look into the database and decide that that the data is not required any more. You ask the DBA to delete the data in the table.Next day you get a call from an irritated user who says that a daily process that took only 1 minute to run is taking about 2 hours today. You look into his process and find that it uses PS_ABC_TAO as a temporary table.What would you suggest the DBA to do ?

Update statistics on the table

32. (Some scenario) Question relating DBA Purging Temporary Table?

Update Statistics

33. How many Message nodes are possible for a database.?

Unlimited

34. How will you get a single ouptut by combining two or more queries?

UNION

35. What BEA product is used for DB transaction in PS?

Tuxedo

36. Which one of the following Data Types is NOT supported by the PeopleCode programming environment?

TIMESTAMP

37. What hyperlinks available in PeopleBooks? Some options with different hyperlinks not available in peoplebooks, select the correct one?

Study all hyperlinks in the first page of people books.

38. The example below demonstrates the use of SQR flags in the configuration manager directories folder: -F C:PSHrmsSqrWhat do the above SQR flags signify to the SQR Report Writer upon execution?

Specifies the output path

39. When a business requirement in Fit/Gap Analysis does not meet by PeopleSoft then?

Some options:1. Customize PS application (Yes)2. Buy third party software (Yes)3. Call PS Development Center for Enhancement (Yes)

40. What are the status available in PeopleSoft Domain Status Menu?

Server, Client and Queue Status

41. Which of the following are part of an AE program ?

Section ,Step and Action

42. Which of the following fires after the database is updated?

SavePostChange

43. What event gets fired after DB Update?

SavePostChange

44. For downloading patches and fixes , you have gone to the customer connection and looking under 8 april, 2000 and see Report IDS like R-CCHEN-VP14JM. What does R stand for ?

Released

45. In which one of the following views would you see the fields, criteria, and other details associated with the current query?

Query view

46. PeopleSoft tracks object changes using a system table. Which PeopleTools System table is used to track object changes?

PSRELEASE

47. PeopleSoft has its own naming convention for system and non-system (application) tables. In the list below, RECORDNAME refers to the name of any table or record.Referring to the above information, which one of the following identifies the naming convention PeopleSoft uses for system tables?

PSRECORDNAME

48. Which process is used for running AE programs which are to be run at a frequency of less than a day ?

PSDAEMON

49. you can specifically trace the activity of the PSAPPSRV server process by setting the?

PSAPPSRV.tracesql

50. Which of the following is correct in order to start the Process Scheduler Server from the command line using psadmin.?

Psadmin –p start –d

51. In the following url http://localhost/Peoplesoft/EMPLOYEE/PSFT_HR/c/PROCESS_SCHEDULER.PRCSTYPEDEFN.GBLwhich one is the component definition?

PRCSTYPEDEFN.GBL

52. I have created a Menu and a Page and given user access to that page, which of the tables gets affected on this (Scenario)?

PeopleTools Tables

53. You are a PeopleSoft Partner and wish to get information on database performance benchmark ( or something like this)Where would you look for the info ?

PeopleSoft Knowledge base
SYSAUDIT finds for
Orphaned Records

54. Which RDBMS uses Tablespace?

Oracle, DB2, Other Options: SQL Server, Informix, Sybase

55. Changing Prompt Table with NO Edit to Prompt Table with Edit?

Only selection of existing data is possible

56. Which command is valid in both bootstrap and regular mode when operating the data mover?

GRANT_USER

57. PeopleCode events pertaining to Record Field:?

FieldEdit, SaveEdit and RowDelete

58. Which of the following are Record field events ?

FieldChangeSearchSave and SavePreChange

59. Which of the following commands can be run in Bootstrap mode?

ENCRYPT_PASSWORD

60. What commands are valid in BS mode?

ENCRYPT_PASSWORD

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JSP Interview Questions and Answers

Find More Question in Category: Java Interview Questions, Programming

1. What is a JSP and what is it used for?

Java Server Pages (JSP) is a platform independent presentation layer technology that comes with SUN s J2EE platform. JSPs are normal HTML pages with Java code pieces embedded in them. JSP pages are saved to *.jsp files. A JSP compiler is used in the background to generate a Servlet from the JSP page.

2. What is difference between custom JSP tags and beans?

Custom JSP tag is a tag you defined. You define how a tag, its attributes and its body are interpreted, and then group your tags into collections called tag libraries that can be used in any number of JSP files. To use custom JSP tags, you need to define three separate components:
1. the tag handler class that defines the tag\'s behavior
2. the tag library descriptor file that maps the XML element names to the tag implementations
3. the JSP file that uses the tag library
When the first two components are done, you can use the tag by using taglib directive:

Then you are ready to use the tags you defined. Let's say the tag prefix is test:
MyJSPTag or
JavaBeans are Java utility classes you defined. Beans have a standard format for Java classes. You use tags

to declare a bean and use

to set value of the bean class and use

to get value of the bean class.

Custom tags and beans accomplish the same goals — encapsulating complex behavior into simple and accessible forms. There are several differences:
Custom tags can manipulate JSP content; beans cannot.
Complex operations can be reduced to a significantly simpler form with custom tags than with beans. Custom tags require quite a bit more work to set up than do beans.
Custom tags usually define relatively self-contained behavior, whereas beans are often defined in one servlet and used in a different servlet or JSP page.
Custom tags are available only in JSP 1.1 and later, but beans can be used in all JSP 1.x versions.

3. What are the two kinds of comments in JSP and what's the difference between them.

<%– JSP Comment –%>
<!– HTML Comment –>

4. What is JSP technology?

Java Server Page is a standard Java extension that is defined on top of the servlet Extensions. The goal of JSP is the simplified creation and management of dynamic Web pages. JSPs are secure, platform-independent, and best of all, make use of Java as a server-side scripting language.

5. What is JSP page?

A JSP page is a text-based document that contains two types of text: static template data, which can be expressed in any text-based format such as HTML, SVG, WML, and XML, and JSP elements, which construct dynamic content.

6. What are the implicit objects?

Implicit objects are objects that are created by the web container and contain information related to a particular request, page, or application. They are:
–request
–response
–pageContext
–session
–application
–out
–config
–page
–exception

7. How many JSP scripting elements and what are they?

There are three scripting language elements:
–declarations
–scriptlets
–expressions

8. Why are JSP pages the preferred API for creating a web-based client program?

Because no plug-ins or security policy files are needed on the client systems(applet does). Also, JSP pages enable cleaner and more module application design because they provide a way to separate applications programming from web page design. This means personnel involved in web page design do not need to understand Java programming language syntax to do their jobs.

9. Is JSP technology extensible?

YES. JSP technology is extensible through the development of custom actions, or tags, which are encapsulated in tag libraries.

10. Can we use the constructor, instead of init(), to initialize servlet?

Yes , of course you can use the constructor instead of init(). There’s nothing to stop you. But you shouldn’t. The original reason for init() was that ancient versions of Java couldn’t dynamically invoke constructors with arguments, so there was no way to give the constructur a ServletConfig. That no longer applies, but servlet containers still will only call your no-arg constructor. So you won’t have access to a ServletConfig or ServletContext.

11. How can a servlet refresh automatically if some new data has entered the database?

You can use a client-side Refresh or Server Push.

12. The code in a finally clause will never fail to execute, right?

Using System.exit(1); in try block will not allow finally code to execute.

13. How many messaging models do JMS provide for and what are they?

JMS provide for two messaging models, publish-and-subscribe and point-to-point queuing.

14. What information is needed to create a TCP Socket?

The Local Systems IP Address and Port Number. And the Remote System’s IPAddress and Port Number.

15. What Class.forName will do while loading drivers?

It is used to create an instance of a driver and register it with the DriverManager. When you have loaded a driver, it is available for making a connection with a DBMS.

16. How to Retrieve Warnings?

SQLWarning objects are a subclass of SQLException that deal with database access warnings. Warnings do not stop the execution of an application, as exceptions do; they simply alert the user that something did not happen as planned. A warning can be reported on a Connection object, a Statement object (including PreparedStatement and CallableStatement objects), or a ResultSet object. Each of these classes has a getWarnings method, which you must invoke in order to see the first warning reported on the calling object

SQLWarning warning = stmt.getWarnings(); 	if (warning != null) 	{ 		while (warning != null) 		{ 			System.out.println("Message: " + warning.getMessage()); 			System.out.println("SQLState: " + warning.getSQLState()); 			Sy